Conditions We Treat

Multiple myeloma.

A cancer of plasma cells that is highly treatable — with modern therapy allowing many years of good-quality control.

Overview

What is myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells — a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. Abnormal plasma cells produce a paraprotein and can affect the bones, kidneys, blood counts and calcium levels.

While myeloma is generally not considered curable, it is very treatable. Modern therapies allow many people to live well for many years, often with the disease controlled over long periods and treatment adjusted as needed.

Symptoms

How it can present

Myeloma is sometimes found before symptoms appear, through abnormal blood tests. When symptoms do occur they often relate to what doctors call the ‘CRAB’ features:

Calcium — raised blood calcium, causing thirst, confusion or constipation
Renal — reduced kidney function
Anaemia — tiredness and breathlessness from low red cells
Bone — bone pain or fractures, often in the back or ribs

Recurrent infections can also be a feature.

Diagnosis

How it's diagnosed

Blood and urine tests

Paraprotein and free light chain measurements, blood counts, calcium and kidney function.

Imaging

Whole-body low-dose CT, MRI or PET to assess the bones.

Bone marrow biopsy

Confirms the diagnosis and provides genetic information that guides treatment.

Treatment

How it's treated

Treatment has advanced dramatically. Most people receive a combination of modern drugs that work in different ways, often followed by a stem cell transplant in those who are suitable. Bone-protective treatment and supportive care are important parts of the plan.

Connected to leading public hospital care

We are linked with major public hospital haematology services in Melbourne’s west and can expedite access to public hospital treatment where appropriate — so you receive the latest expert care and multidisciplinary input, with access to clinical trials of emerging therapies where suitable. Private management is also available if you prefer a shorter wait or a particular setting.

When to refer

When to see a haematologist

Paraprotein with CRAB features

A paraprotein alongside anaemia, bone pain, kidney or calcium changes.

Suspected myeloma

Unexplained bone pain, fractures or the blood-test features above.

Urgent concerns

We can expedite assessment where myeloma is strongly suspected.

Common questions

Frequently asked

Is myeloma curable?

Myeloma is usually controlled over the long term rather than cured, but treatment has improved enormously. Many people live well for many years, with therapy adjusted over time as needed.

What is the difference between myeloma and MGUS?

MGUS is a benign condition with a paraprotein but no organ damage, whereas myeloma is a cancer that causes features such as bone, kidney, calcium or blood-count problems. Some people are diagnosed with myeloma after a period of MGUS.

Do I need a referral?

Yes — a referral is needed for Medicare rebates. Where myeloma is strongly suspected, we can expedite assessment.

Concerned about myeloma?

Ask your GP for a referral, or contact our rooms. We can expedite assessment for suspected myeloma.

This page provides general information only and is not a substitute for individual medical advice. It should not be used to diagnose or treat a health problem. Please speak with your GP or haematologist about your own circumstances. Last reviewed August 2026.