Conditions We Treat

Myeloproliferative neoplasms.

A group of chronic blood cancers where the marrow makes too many blood cells — often well controlled for many years.

Overview

What are MPNs?

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of conditions in which the bone marrow makes too many blood cells. The main types are polycythaemia vera (too many red cells), essential thrombocythaemia (too many platelets) and myelofibrosis (scarring of the marrow).

MPNs are classed as chronic blood cancers, but many are slow-moving and can be well controlled for many years. The main aims of care are to reduce the risk of clots or bleeding and to manage symptoms.

Symptoms

How they can present

Many MPNs are found on a routine blood test before any symptoms appear. When symptoms occur they can include:

Headaches or visual disturbance
Itching, classically after a warm shower
Tiredness
Blood clots or, less commonly, bleeding
Fullness or discomfort under the left ribs from an enlarged spleen

Diagnosis

How they're diagnosed

Blood tests

A full blood examination shows the raised cell counts; other tests help build the picture.

Genetic testing

Testing for mutations such as JAK2, CALR or MPL, which are found in most MPNs and help confirm the diagnosis.

Bone marrow biopsy

Often used to confirm the type of MPN and distinguish between them.

Treatment

How they're treated

Treatment is tailored to the type of MPN and your individual risk. It may include low-dose aspirin to reduce clotting risk, venesection (removing blood) for polycythaemia vera, medication to lower blood counts, and targeted JAK inhibitor therapy for myelofibrosis. Regular monitoring is an important part of care.

Connected to leading public hospital care

We are linked with major public hospital haematology services in Melbourne’s west and can expedite access to public hospital treatment where appropriate — so you receive the latest expert care and multidisciplinary input, with access to clinical trials of emerging therapies where suitable. Private management is also available if you prefer a shorter wait or a particular setting.

When to refer

When to see a haematologist

Persistently high counts

Raised red cells, platelets or white cells on repeated testing.

A positive JAK2 result

A JAK2 (or CALR/MPL) mutation found on blood testing.

Suspected MPN

Symptoms such as clots, itching or an enlarged spleen with abnormal counts.

Common questions

Frequently asked

Is an MPN a cancer?

MPNs are classed as chronic blood cancers. However, many are slow-moving and can be controlled effectively for many years with monitoring and treatment aimed at preventing complications.

What does a JAK2 mutation mean?

JAK2 is the most common of several mutations that drive MPNs. Finding it helps confirm the diagnosis. It is acquired during life — it is not inherited and is not passed on to children.

Do I need a referral?

Yes — a referral from your GP or specialist is needed for Medicare rebates.

Persistently high blood counts?

Ask your GP for a referral, or contact our rooms to arrange assessment in Footscray.

This page provides general information only and is not a substitute for individual medical advice. It should not be used to diagnose or treat a health problem. Please speak with your GP or haematologist about your own circumstances. Last reviewed August 2026.