Conditions We Treat

Thrombocytopenia.

A low platelet count with many possible causes — from harmless lab artefacts to conditions needing treatment.

Overview

What is thrombocytopenia?

Thrombocytopenia means a lower-than-normal platelet count. Platelets are the tiny cells that help blood to clot, so when the count is low enough, bruising and bleeding become more likely. It is frequently discovered on a routine blood test.

There are many possible causes, ranging from harmless to significant, so the key first step is identifying which one applies. In some cases a ‘low’ result is not real at all, but a laboratory artefact where platelets clump together in the test tube (pseudothrombocytopenia) — something a blood film quickly clarifies.

Causes

Common causes

Reduced production — from bone marrow causes such as MDS, leukaemia, vitamin B12 deficiency or heavy alcohol use
Increased destruction — most commonly immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but also some medications and infections
An enlarged spleen — which pools platelets, often related to liver disease
Pregnancy — a common and usually mild cause
Pseudothrombocytopenia — a harmless laboratory clumping artefact, not a true low count

Diagnosis

How it's investigated

Assessment starts with a blood film reviewed by a haematologist, which excludes clumping and shows whether other blood counts are affected. Further tests are guided by the likely cause and your history — for example medication review, liver assessment, or, where a marrow cause is suspected, a bone marrow test.

When to refer

When to see a haematologist

Persistent or unexplained

A low platelet count that doesn’t resolve or has no clear cause.

Very low or bleeding

A markedly low count, or one associated with bruising or bleeding.

More than one low line

Low platelets together with low red cells or white cells.

Common questions

Frequently asked

Could a low platelet result be a mistake?

Sometimes, yes. Platelets can clump together in the test tube and read as falsely low (pseudothrombocytopenia). A blood film reviewed by a haematologist identifies this quickly, which is why the film is an important first step.

Is a low platelet count serious?

It depends on the cause and how low the count is. Many causes are mild or easily treated, but a very low count, or one with bleeding, needs prompt assessment.

Do I need a referral?

Yes — a referral from your GP or specialist is needed for Medicare rebates.

Found to have a low platelet count?

Ask your GP for a referral, or contact our rooms to arrange assessment in Footscray.

This page provides general information only and is not a substitute for individual medical advice. It should not be used to diagnose or treat a health problem. Please speak with your GP or haematologist about your own circumstances. Last reviewed August 2026.